What to do in case of a sprained ankle ?

Sprain means a ligament injury. The ligament can be partially or completely torn. At ankle you can sustain such an injury when you slip and foot gets folded inward or outwards. However, it must be remembered that there might be an underlying fracture also.

Remember to do the "RICE" - Rest, Ice application, Compression with bandage, Elevation of foot. Explanation follows below.

First and formost, you have to take rest, should not walk. The ankle swelling increases as you walk around. Also you may have sustained a fracture, which can be confirmed only after taking Xrays. In case you have a small fracture and walk, you fracture may get worse. You may convert the hairline fracture to a true fracture.

Secondly, apply ice over the ankle at the site of swelling and pain. You should not directly apply ice over the skin. Wrap the ice in a soft thin cloth and apply it for a few seconds and changing the position after a few seconds.

Thirdly, if you can get hold a compression bandage ( Crepe bandage / elastic bandage ) which should be at least 10 cm wide ( 15 cm is better for adults ), apply compression starting from the foot upto the lower third of your leg. The tightness should be just to your comfort. Don't use a non yielding bandage which will constrict the blood flow and cause more problems, even loss of blood flow to the foot.

Finally, never forget to keep the leg elevated over one or two pillows. This will facilitate the venous return. Ideally, you have to lie down so that the leg is at a higher level than your heart.

It is to be remembered that all these are first aid measures only. See the orthopedician at the earliest. If there are no fractures you will be prescribed analgesics. If it is severe ligamnet injury a below knee plaster cast might be required for 2 weeks or so.